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Monday, 30 October 2017
my fb page*होमी जहांगीर भाभा* *भारतीय अणुभौतिकशास्त्रज्ञ* *जन्मदिन - ऑक्टोबर ३०, इ.स. १९०९* होमी भाभा (इ.स. १९०९ - इ.स. १९६६) भारतीय अणुभौतिकशास्त्रज्ञ होते. भारताच्या अणुऊर्जा विकासकार्यक्रमाचा पाया रचण्याच्या कामगिरीमुळे त्यांना भारताच्या अणुऊर्जा व अण्वस्त्र विकासकार्यक्रमाचे प्रणेता मानले जाते. जीवन भाभा यांचा जन्म सधन पारशी कुटुंबात झाला. वडील जहांगीर भाभा हे बॅरीस्टर होते. पुस्तकांची आवड असल्यामुळे घरातच खूप पुस्तके गोळा केली होती. त्यात विज्ञान विषयाचीही पुस्तके होती. होमी भाभा यांना या पुस्तकांमुळे विज्ञानात स्वाभाविकपणेच आवड निर्माण झाली. शिवाय त्यांना कवितेचा आणि चित्रकलेचा छंद होता. अतिशय सुंदर, देखणे व्यक्तीमत्त्व लाभालेले होमी भाभा उत्तम वक्ताही होते. त्यांचे प्राथमिक ते पदवी पर्यंतचे शिक्षण मुंबई येथे झाले. होमी यांनी पुढे इंजिनियर व्हावे असे त्यांच्या वडिलांना वाटत होते. पण होमी यांनी वडिलांना आपल्याला गणित आणि भौतिक शास्त्रातच विशेष आवडतात असे ठामपणे सांगितले. वडिलांनी हो-ना करत गणिताचा सखोल अभ्यास करण्यास परवानगी दिली पण आधी प्रथम श्रेणीत इंजिनियरींगची पदवी प्राप्त करण्याची अट घालून दिली. वडिलांनी परवानगी दिल्यावर होमी भाभा केंब्रीज विद्यापिठातून इ.स. १९३० साली प्रथम श्रेणीत इंजिनियर झाले. तसेच पॉल डिरॅक यांच्या मार्गदर्शनाखाली गणिताचा अभ्यासही करीत राहिले. त्या काळात त्यांना शिष्यवृत्ती आणि अनेक बक्षीसेही मिळाली. इ.स. १९४० साली भारतात परत आल्यावर काही काळ डॉ. भाभा यांनी भारतीय विज्ञान संस्था, बंगलोर येथे प्रोफेसर म्हणून काम केले. इ.स. १९४५ साली टाटा मूलभूत संशोधन संस्थेची स्थापना करण्यात मदत केली आणि आपले संशोधन कार्य संभाळून डॉ. भाभा टाटा मूलभूत संशोधन संस्थेचे संचालक झाले. भारताच्या स्वातंत्र्यानंतर इ.स. १९४८ साली त्यांच्या पुढाकाराने अणु उर्जा आयोगाची स्थापना करण्यात आली. याही संस्थेचे तेच संचालक म्हणून काम पाहू लागले. त्यांच्या अथक परिश्रमांमुळेच भारत देशात अणु भट्टी ची स्थापना होऊ शकली. अणुचा वापर शांततेच्या मार्गानेच व्हावा असे ठाम मत संयुक्त राष्ट्रच्या सभेत मांडणारे भाभा हे पहिले वैज्ञानिक. डॉ. भाभा यांनी पाया रचला म्हणूनच भारताने अनेक ठिकाणी अणु भट्या सुरू करून त्यांचा विज निर्मितीसाठी उपयोग केला तसेच १८ मे, इ.स. १९७४ या दिवशी भारताने पोखरण येथे पहिला अणुस्फोट घडवून आणला. संयुक्त राष्ट्रच्या सभेला जातांना २४ जानेवारी, इ.स. १९६६ या दिवशी फ्रान्सच्या हद्दीत असतांना त्यांचे विमान अपघातात निधन झाले. त्यांच्या मृत्यु नंतर ट्रॉम्बे येथील अणु संशोधन केंद्राचे नाव बदलून भाभा अणु संशोधन केंद्र असे ठेवण्यात आले. www.facebook.com/amolnimbalkarr/posts/1377434765666415 👆🏼Like this page for daily update also science related info 👍🏼हररोज का दिनविशेष और विज्ञान विषयक जानकारी के लियें इस पेज को लाइक करे👆🏼👍🏼
Sunday, 4 June 2017
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Panchavatar: Swami Shri Chakradhar - महानुभाव पंथ के चार साधन
Panchavatar: Swami Shri Chakradhar - महानुभाव पंथ के चार साधन: -: मेरे चक्रधर:- महानुभाव पंथ के चार साधन श्री चक्रधर स्वामी - महानुभाव पंथ संस्थापक, पंच अवतार के अहम अवतार माने जाते ...
Panchavatar: Mahanubhav Panth - प्रातः काळ प्रार्थना
Panchavatar: Mahanubhav Panth - प्रातः काळ प्रार्थना: प्रातः काळ प्रार्थना प्रभात काळी जननी यशोदा उठी उठी वा म्हणे मुकुंदा गोपाल येती तुजला वाहाती | ...
Wednesday, 22 January 2014
Saturday, 14 December 2013
Statue of Unity at state of Gujrat
Statue of Unity
I have been privileged to serve
Gujarat as its Chief Minister for last nine years. And I am deeply
grateful to the people of Gujarat and India for extending their
unflinching support and co-operation. Bharatiya Janata Party Government
has completed nine years in the State despite many hurdles and storms,
natural calamities and that too amidst the atmosphere of political
intolerance and ill-feelings and a barrage of misinformation. It will be
nevertheless etched in the annals of history as a decade of development
in Gujarat in the 21st Century.
We have marked the entry of this
government in the tenth year by unveiling the grandiose plan to build
‘Statue of Unity’- the world’s tallest 182-metre high statue of Sardar
Vallabhbhai Patel. The statue, befitting the stature of the Iron Man of
India, will be double the height of ‘Statue of Liberty’ in America and
four times that of ‘Christ the Redeemer’ in Rio de Janeiro. (Watch –
Video unveiling the grandiose plan)
It is being named ‘Statue of Unity’ as
it was the Sardar who had united India at its most trying times after
Independence, amalgamating nearly 550 princely states within Union of
India, and providing good governance as an able administrator in diverse
fields like modern farming and empowerment of tribal communities,
besides rebuilding the Somnath Temple.
The Statue of Unity will be built on
the Sadhu Bet riverbed of the Narmada about 3-km from the Sardar
Sarovar dam to be reached in boats. My vision is to develop the place as
a source of inspiration for ages to come. It will have a high-tech
museum, chronicling 90 years history of India’s freedom fighters
(1857-1947). Going much beyond a structure- it will be developed as a
research and academic centre for preserving the unity and integrity of
India, its rich culture and heritage, for research on agriculture which
was dear to Sardar, for research on tribal life and so on. Thus, it
would be standing high not just in meters and feet but much more in
terms of academic, historical, national and spiritual values.
We have been giving befitting tribute to
the great sons of India- be it the Mahatma Mandir being built at
Gandhinagar, Krantiguru Shyamaji Krishnavarma Memorial in Mandvi-Kutch
or the launching of broadband connectivity from Haripura, near Surat
(the venue of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s historic Congress session).
Friends, I hope you would love this
gift, one more from Gujarat to the nation and world on this joyous
occasion. Do watch the video clip on this. I would love to have your
suggestions for this historic memorial.
Tuesday, 10 December 2013
CSIR UGC NET (CHEMICAL SCIENCES)
CSIR UGC NET (CHEMICAL SCIENCES)
CSIR UGC COMBINED NATIONAL ELIGIBILITY TEST (CSIR UGC NET) for RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP & LECTURESHIP for chemical sciences is conducted twice every year (in June & in December) to select right candidates to award research fellowships, initially for two years (JRF) which can be further extended for three more years (SRF). This exam is also popularly known as CSIR NET or CSIR UGC NET exam. Most of the admissions into Ph.D courses in prestigious institutions of India like IISc, Central University of Hyderabad, IIT's and several CSIR laboratories require the qualification in CSIR UGC NET exam.CSIR NET EXAM PATTERN (NEW)
According to new pattern implemented from June 2011 onwards, the CSIR NET exam in chemical sciences is:
* a single paper test having multiple choice questions (MCQs)
* carries a maximum of 200 marks.
* is divided into three parts (A, B & C).
* conducted for the duration of 3 hours.
Part - A carries 20 questions
and is common to all the subjects. The candidate is required to answer
any 15 questions. Each correct answer is awarded with 2 marks. The total
marks allocated to this section shall be 30 out of 200.The revised pattern for this part will test general aptitude with emphasis on logical reasoning, graphical analysis, analytical and numerical ability, quantitative comparison, series formation, puzzles etc. There is no syllabus prescribed for this.
Part - B contains 50 multiple choice questions generally covering the topics given in the syllabus. A candidate is required to answer any 35 questions and each correct answer is awarded with 2 marks. The total marks allocated to this section shall be 70 out of 200.
The standards of these questions from this section may range from 10+2 to PG level in chemistry subject.
Part - C consists of 75 questions. A candidate shall be required to answer any 25 questions, each carrying 4 marks. The maximum marks allocated to this section is 100 out of 200.
The questions shall be of analytical nature where a candidate is expected to apply the scientific knowledge in chemistry to arrive at the solution to the given problem.
There will be negative marking @25% for each wrong answer.
| Part | # of questions | To be attempted | Marks allotted per each question | Maximum marks |
| A | 20 | 15 | 2 | 30 |
| B | 50 | 35 | 2 | 70 |
| C | 75 | 25 | 4 | 100 |
| % Cutoff marks for Chemical sciences | ||||
|
Month & Year of Exam
|
Junior Research Fellowship
(JRF) |
Lectureship
(LS) |
||
| General/OBC | SC/ST | General/OBC | SC/ST | |
| DEC, 2011 | 45% | 35% | 40% | 30% |
| JUNE, 2012 | 47% | 37% | 42% | 32% |
| DEC, 2012 | 43.5% | 33.5% | 38.5% | 28.5% |
GATE (CHEMISTRY)
GATE exam is conducted once in every year in chemical sciences along with other engineering subjects. It is organized by IIT's and the purpose of this exam is to select candidates who want to pursue their masters courses in technology (M. Tech). The candidates with very good GATE score are also eligible to get the CSIR scholarship in some selected institutes and preferred over others while taking into project work.CSIR NET CHEMITRY SYLLABUS
The syllabus for CSIR NET and GATE exams including other
exams for Ph.D entrance exams is almost same. The common syllabus for
both part B & C of CSIR NET exam in chemical sciences is given
below.
Inorganic Chemistry :
1. Chemical periodicity2. Structure and bonding in homo- and heteronuclear molecules, including shapes of molecules (VSEPR Theory).
3. Concepts of acids and bases, Hard-Soft acid base concept, Non-aqueous solvents.
4. Main group elements and their compounds: Allotropy, synthesis, structure and bonding, industrial importance of the compounds.
5. Transition elements and coordination compounds: structure, bonding theories, spectral and magnetic properties, reaction mechanisms.
6. Inner transition elements: spectral and magnetic properties, redox chemistry, analytical applications.
7. Organometallic compounds: synthesis, bonding and structure, and reactivity. Organometallics in homogeneous catalysis.
8. Cages and metal clusters.
9. Analytical chemistry- separation, spectroscopic, electro- and thermoanalytical methods.
10. Bioinorganic chemistry: photosystems, porphyrins, metalloenzymes, oxygen transport, electron- transfer reactions; nitrogen fixation, metal complexes in medicine.
11. Characterization of inorganic compounds by IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, Mössbauer, UV-vis, NQR, MS, electron spectroscopy and microscopic techniques.
12. Nuclear chemistry: nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, radio-analytical techniques and activation analysis.
Physical Chemistry:
1. Basic principles of quantum mechanics: Postulates; operator
algebra; exactly- solvable systems: particle-in-a-box, harmonic
oscillator and the hydrogen atom, including shapes of atomic orbitals;
orbital and spin angular momenta; tunneling. 2. Approximate methods of quantum mechanics: Variational principle; perturbation theory up to second order in energy; applications.
3. Atomic structure and spectroscopy; term symbols; many-electron systems and anti-symmetry principle.
4. Chemical bonding in diatomics; elementary concepts of MO and VB theories; Huckel theory for conjugated p-electron systems.
5. Chemical applications of group theory; symmetry elements; point groups; character tables; selection rules.
6. Molecular spectroscopy: Rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic spectra; IR and Raman activities – selection rules; basic principles of magnetic resonance.
7. Chemical thermodynamics: Laws, state and path functions and their applications; thermodynamic description of various types of processes; Maxwell’s relations; spontaneity and equilibria; temperature and pressure dependence of thermodynamic quantities; Le Chatelier principle; elementary description of phase transitions; phase equilibria and phase rule; thermodynamics of ideal and non-ideal gases, and solutions.
8. Statistical thermodynamics: Boltzmann distribution; kinetic theory of gases; partition functions and their relation to thermodynamic quantities – calculations for model systems.
9. Electrochemistry: Nernst equation, redox systems, electrochemical cells; DebyeHuckel theory; electrolytic conductance – Kohlrausch’s law and its applications; ionic equilibria; conductometric and potentiometric titrations.
10. Chemical kinetics: Empirical rate laws and temperature dependence; complex reactions; steady state approximation; determination of reaction mechanisms; collision and transition state theories of rate constants; unimolecular reactions; enzyme kinetics; salt effects; homogeneous catalysis; photochemical reactions.
11. Colloids and surfaces: Stability and properties of colloids; isotherms and surface area; heterogeneous catalysis.
12. Solid state: Crystal structures; Bragg’s law and applications; band structure of solids.
13. Polymer chemistry: Molar masses; kinetics of polymerization.
14. Data analysis: Mean and standard deviation; absolute and relative errors; linear regression; covariance and correlation coefficient.
Organic Chemistry:
1. IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers.
2. Principles of stereochemistry: Configurational and conformational isomerism in acyclic and cyclic compounds; stereogenicity, stereoselectivity, enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity and asymmetric induction.
3. Aromaticity: Benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds – generation and reactions.
4. Organic reactive intermediates: Generation, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
5. Organic reaction mechanisms involving addition, elimination and substitution reactions with electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical species. Determination of reaction pathways.
6. Common named reactions and rearrangements – applications in organic synthesis.
7. Organic transformations and reagents: Functional group interconversion including oxidations and reductions; common catalysts and reagents (organic, inorganic, organometallic and enzymatic). Chemo, regio and stereoselective transformations.
8. Concepts in organic synthesis: Retrosynthesis, disconnection, synthons, linear and convergent synthesis, umpolung of reactivity and protecting groups.
9. Asymmetric synthesis: Chiral auxiliaries, methods of asymmetric induction – substrate, reagent and catalyst controlled reactions; determination of enantiomeric and diastereomeric excess; enantio-discrimination. Resolution – optical and kinetic.
10. Pericyclic reactions – electrocyclization, cycloaddition, sigmatropic rearrangements and other related concerted reactions. Principles and applications of photochemical reactions in organic chemistry.
11. Synthesis and reactivity of common heterocyclic compounds containing one or two hetero atoms (O, N, S).
12. Chemistry of natural products: Carbohydrates, proteins and peptides, fatty acids, nucleic acids, terpenes, steroids and alkaloids. Biogenesis of terpenoids and alkaloids.
13. Structure determination of organic compounds by IR, UV-Vis, 1 H & 13 C NMR and Mass spectroscopic techniques.
Interdisciplinary topics:
1. Chemistry in nanoscience and technology.2. Catalysis and green chemistry.
3. Medicinal chemistry.
4. Supramolecular chemistry.
5. Environmental chemistry.
PREPARATION (OR) PLAN OF ACTION FOR CSIR UGC NET EXAM
Most common question asked by students is "What should be the plan of action to crack CSIR NET exam?" or "How should I prepare for this exam?".My sincere, but very simple, suggestion is to read standard textbooks (see the list of suggested textbooks) and solve old question papers of CSIR, GATE, IISc etc. If you are already done with reading lots of classroom notes and other textbooks then start with solving old question papers. This is the best way to crack any exam.
What should be the plan of action?
For Part-A, one can go through books on General Aptitude and Logical Reasoning.
For Part-B, you need to be thorough in all the areas of chemistry from 10+2 level to undergraduate level. Everything is important here.
For Part-C, choose any area of chemical sciences i.e, either organic or inorganic or physical, depending on your taste and specialization at PG level.
Always choose right books and solve the previous question papers in a logical manner.
Few pupil are also asking for important topics/books, mostly for Paper-C. Following is a possible combination of topics/books you can choose.
| Paper-A | Paper-B | Paper-C | |
| Combination-1 |
Books on General Aptitude & logical reasoning
|
10+2 NCERT Chemistry textbooks
+ undergraduate level chemistry books |
Organic Books |
| Combination-2 | -----do------ | -----do------ | Inorganic Books |
| Combination-3 | -----do------ | -----do------ | Physical Books |
SUGGESTED BOOKS FOR CSIR UGC NET & GATE CHEMICAL SCIENCES
The best suggestion to crack any exam is to go through the textbooks written by authorities in the respective fields. Following is a list of textbooks in different areas of chemical sciences. Actual list is very vast. However, it is better to go through only few books that are followed by professors at our universities and IITs.INORGANIC CHEMISTRY BOOKS
1) Inorganic chemistry by Shriver & Atkins (Suggested by most of Indian Institutues of Technology. Solve the exercises given inside and at the end of each chapter to master this subject.)2) Inorganic chemistry by Catherine E. Housecroft (Another favorite of IIT professors. The NCERT chemistry textbooks have the material referenced from this book.)
3) Inorganic chemistry by Miessler (I like this book for its simple and straight forward explanation.)
4) Inorganic chemistry: Principles of structure and reactivity by James E. Huheey (You will start appreciating inorganic chemistry after reading this book. I enjoyed and learned a lot from this fantastic text book)
5) Advanced inorganic chemistry by F. Albert Cotton & Geoffrey Wilkinson (Must for an inorganic chemist. But you need lots of patience to feel like a Jargon.)
6) The organometallic chemistry of the transition metals by Robert H. Crabtree
7) NMR, NQR, EPR & MOSSBAUER Spectroscopy in inorganic chemistry by R.V.Parish
8) Biological inorganic chemistry: An introduction by Robert R.Chrichton
9) Bioinorganic chemistry: A short course by Rosette M. Roat-Malone
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY BOOKS
1) Organic chemistry by Clayden, Greeves, Warren & Wothers (I think already you know about this famous book. Not only written in a lucid manner and is very important for those who dare to attempt organic questions from part C of CSIR NET exam. Most of the previous organic questions are straightly from this book. Just enjoy reading this book and earn easy points.)2) Modern methods of organic synthesis by William Carruthers & Iain Coldham (Refer this book for advanced organic synthesis. Another book from which most of the organic questions are dumped into the exam.)
3) Organic chemistry by John McMurry (Must read for basics. Very famous undergraduate book.)
4) Organic chemistry by L.G.Wade, JR (Another book for basics)
5) Advanced organic chemistry by J March (A must reference book)
6) Pericyclic reactions by Ian Fleming
7) Modern organic synthesis: An introduction by Michael H. Nantz (Another good book with straight forward explanations)
8) Spectrometric identification of organic compounds by Robert M. Silverstein
9) Introduction to organic photochemistry by John D. Coyle
10) Advanced organic chemistry (Part A & B) by Francis A. Carey & Richard J. Sundberg (Another reference book for organic synthesis)
11) Named organic reactions by Thomas laue & Andreas Plagens
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY BOOKS
1) Physical chemistry by P.W. Atkins & Julio De Paula (Read the book. Solve the exercises & problems given. That is sufficient.)2) Physical chemistry by Ira N. Levine
3) Physical chemistry by Robert G. Mortimer
Friday, 11 January 2013
Thursday, 20 December 2012
Chemistry tips
Cetane Number
Cetane Number is used to determine quality of diesel. It is the percentage byvolume of cetane in a mixture of cetane(spontaneous ignition , cetane number= 100) and α -methyl naphthalene (slow ignition , centane number = 0) which has the same knocking performance as the fuel under consideration.
CRACKING
It is the conversion of less valuable higher fraction to the more valuable lower fraction by the application of heat.
REFORMING (AROMATISATION)
It is the process of converting straight chain hydrocarbon into aromatic compound.
*. Both cracking and reforming are used to increase the quality of petrol , diesel and kerosene.
*. Cracking can be vapour phase , thermal cracking or catalytic cracking.
*. Reforming or aromatisation or platforming is the process of converting straight chain hydrocarboninto aromatic compound.
*. In reforming antiknock properties increases by special types of cracking which includes alkylation , isomerisation , aromatisation , cyclisation , dehydrogenation , fractionation etc
Sythetic Petrol
Bergius Process
Fisher - Tropsch process
In this process steam is passed over red hot coke to get water gas, which is a mixture of CO and H 2 .
The water gas is mixed with half its volume of hydrogen and the intimate mixture is heated to about 473 K underpressure of 1 - 10 atm in the presence of cobalt catalyst which is a mixture of cobalt (100 parts), thoria (5 parts) magnesia (8 parts) and kieselghur (200parts) . A petroleum like liquid is formed which is subjected to fractional distillation to give petrol as one of the products.
Cetane Number is used to determine quality of diesel. It is the percentage byvolume of cetane in a mixture of cetane(spontaneous ignition , cetane number= 100) and α -methyl naphthalene (slow ignition , centane number = 0) which has the same knocking performance as the fuel under consideration.
CRACKING
It is the conversion of less valuable higher fraction to the more valuable lower fraction by the application of heat.
REFORMING (AROMATISATION)
It is the process of converting straight chain hydrocarbon into aromatic compound.
*. Both cracking and reforming are used to increase the quality of petrol , diesel and kerosene.
*. Cracking can be vapour phase , thermal cracking or catalytic cracking.
*. Reforming or aromatisation or platforming is the process of converting straight chain hydrocarboninto aromatic compound.
*. In reforming antiknock properties increases by special types of cracking which includes alkylation , isomerisation , aromatisation , cyclisation , dehydrogenation , fractionation etc
Sythetic Petrol
Bergius Process
Fisher - Tropsch process
In this process steam is passed over red hot coke to get water gas, which is a mixture of CO and H 2 .
The water gas is mixed with half its volume of hydrogen and the intimate mixture is heated to about 473 K underpressure of 1 - 10 atm in the presence of cobalt catalyst which is a mixture of cobalt (100 parts), thoria (5 parts) magnesia (8 parts) and kieselghur (200parts) . A petroleum like liquid is formed which is subjected to fractional distillation to give petrol as one of the products.
Hydrocarbons
HYDROCARBONS
SOURCES OF HYDROCARBONS
*. Petroleum is the main source of aliphatic hydrocarbon.
*. Coal is the source of aromatic hydrocarbons PETROLEUM
*.
Viscous liquid found inside earth madeof dead remains of plants and animalsis called petroleum.
*.
Refing of petroleum is the process of separating it into different fractions.
Fractions
Composition
Boiling range
Uses
Uncondensed gases
C 1 - C 4
273 - 303 K
(a) Cymogene
(b) Rhigolenene
Manufacture of ice
Local anaethetic
Crude Naphtha
C 5 - C 10
303 - 423 K
(a) Petroleum ether
C 5 - C 6
303 - 343 K Solvent for oils , fats rubber and dry cleaning.
(b) Gasoline or Petrol
C 6 - C 8
343 - 363 K Fuel and dry cleaning
(c) Ligroin or Light Petroleum
C 6 - C 8
363 - 393 K Solvent for dry cleaning
Kerosene Oil
C 11 - C 18
393 - 573 K Fuel , for illumination , making oil gas
Diesel Oil or Heavy Oil
C 18 - C 45
Above 573 K Fuel in heavy automobiles
Residue
C 30 - C 45
Above 673 K
(a) Praffin wax
For candles and boot polishes
(b) Lubricating oils
For lubrications
(c) Vaseline
In oinments and toilet goods
(d) Pitch
In paints , varnishes and as fuel
(e) Petroleum coke
As fuel
*. NATURAL GAS about 90% methane and rest ethane , propane and butanes.
*. LPG is propane + butane
*. CNG is compressed natural gas.
OCTANE NUMBER
Octane number is used to determine the quality of gasoline. It is the percentage of isooctane in mixture of iso-octane and n-heptane which produces same knocking effect as the fuel under examination.
*. Higher the octane number , better the fuel.
*. Straight chain hydrocarbons have low octane number.
*. Octane number increases with increase in number of branches.
*. Unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes have higher octane number than corresponding n-alknes.
*. Octane number of aromatic compounds is high.
*. Octane number of fuel is increased byadding TEL (tetra ethyl lead ).
*. Octane number of ordinary gasoline =74
*. Octane number of premiem gasoline =84 and above
SOURCES OF HYDROCARBONS
*. Petroleum is the main source of aliphatic hydrocarbon.
*. Coal is the source of aromatic hydrocarbons PETROLEUM
*.
Viscous liquid found inside earth madeof dead remains of plants and animalsis called petroleum.
*.
Refing of petroleum is the process of separating it into different fractions.
Fractions
Composition
Boiling range
Uses
Uncondensed gases
C 1 - C 4
273 - 303 K
(a) Cymogene
(b) Rhigolenene
Manufacture of ice
Local anaethetic
Crude Naphtha
C 5 - C 10
303 - 423 K
(a) Petroleum ether
C 5 - C 6
303 - 343 K Solvent for oils , fats rubber and dry cleaning.
(b) Gasoline or Petrol
C 6 - C 8
343 - 363 K Fuel and dry cleaning
(c) Ligroin or Light Petroleum
C 6 - C 8
363 - 393 K Solvent for dry cleaning
Kerosene Oil
C 11 - C 18
393 - 573 K Fuel , for illumination , making oil gas
Diesel Oil or Heavy Oil
C 18 - C 45
Above 573 K Fuel in heavy automobiles
Residue
C 30 - C 45
Above 673 K
(a) Praffin wax
For candles and boot polishes
(b) Lubricating oils
For lubrications
(c) Vaseline
In oinments and toilet goods
(d) Pitch
In paints , varnishes and as fuel
(e) Petroleum coke
As fuel
*. NATURAL GAS about 90% methane and rest ethane , propane and butanes.
*. LPG is propane + butane
*. CNG is compressed natural gas.
OCTANE NUMBER
Octane number is used to determine the quality of gasoline. It is the percentage of isooctane in mixture of iso-octane and n-heptane which produces same knocking effect as the fuel under examination.
*. Higher the octane number , better the fuel.
*. Straight chain hydrocarbons have low octane number.
*. Octane number increases with increase in number of branches.
*. Unsaturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes have higher octane number than corresponding n-alknes.
*. Octane number of aromatic compounds is high.
*. Octane number of fuel is increased byadding TEL (tetra ethyl lead ).
*. Octane number of ordinary gasoline =74
*. Octane number of premiem gasoline =84 and above
Answers Famous womens Quiz contests
Answers
1. Queen Victoria
2. Catherine II, the Great
3. (a) Cleopatra
(b) Helen of Troy
4. Helen Keller
5. (a) Sirimavo Bandaranaike
(b) Golda Meir
(c) Margaret Thatcher
(d) Benazir Bhutto
(e) Indira Gandhi
(f) Mary Robinson
6. (a) For cutting Samson’s hair in whichhis strength lay
(b) Surpanakha
7. (a) Junko Tabei
(b) Bacchendri Pal
8. (a) Amy Johnson
(b) Ujwala Patil
9. Lata Mangeshkar
10. Mother Teresa
11. (a) Ballet
(b) Carnatic Music
(c) Painting
(d) Pop music
12. (a) Emmeline Pankhurst
(b) Mata Hari
13. (a) Calpurnia
(b) Joan of Arc
14. Grace Kelly, who became Princess Grace of Monaco on her marriage toPrince Rainier III of Monaco. A special stamp was issued in her honor at their first wedding anniversary.
15. (a) Boadicea
(b) Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi
1. Queen Victoria
2. Catherine II, the Great
3. (a) Cleopatra
(b) Helen of Troy
4. Helen Keller
5. (a) Sirimavo Bandaranaike
(b) Golda Meir
(c) Margaret Thatcher
(d) Benazir Bhutto
(e) Indira Gandhi
(f) Mary Robinson
6. (a) For cutting Samson’s hair in whichhis strength lay
(b) Surpanakha
7. (a) Junko Tabei
(b) Bacchendri Pal
8. (a) Amy Johnson
(b) Ujwala Patil
9. Lata Mangeshkar
10. Mother Teresa
11. (a) Ballet
(b) Carnatic Music
(c) Painting
(d) Pop music
12. (a) Emmeline Pankhurst
(b) Mata Hari
13. (a) Calpurnia
(b) Joan of Arc
14. Grace Kelly, who became Princess Grace of Monaco on her marriage toPrince Rainier III of Monaco. A special stamp was issued in her honor at their first wedding anniversary.
15. (a) Boadicea
(b) Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi
Famous womens Quiz contests
Famous Women - Quiz Questions with Answers
1. Which British Queen ruled for over 60years?
2. Name the Empress of Russia who ruled from 1762-96.
3. (a) About who was it said “Age cannot wither her nor custom stale her infinite variety”?
(b) Whose face “launched a thousandships”?
4. Although blind, deaf and dumb, she graduated from college and achieved high distinction as a writer and scholar. Who was she?
5. Name the women who became PrimeMinister of:
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Israel
(c) Britain
(d) Pakistan
(e) India
(f) Ireland
6. (a) For what treacherous action is Delilah notorious?
(b) Which demoness tried to tempt Rama and Lakshmana?
7. (a) This Japanese became the first woman in the world to scale Mount Everest.
(b) This young Indian was the First woman to scale Mount Everest in 1984.
8. (a) Who was the first woman to make a Solo Flight from England to Australia?
(b) Who became the first Asian woman to sail around the world?
9. This “lark” has made a mark in the world of playback singing for films in India.
10. As what is Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu better known?
11. In which sphere of arts was each of the following renowned?
(a) Anna Pavlova
(b) M.S. Subbulakshmi
(c) Sheila Gujral
(d) Samantha Fox
12. (a) What was the name of the woman who organized the “Women’s Social and Political Union” in 1905 in England?
(b) Under what name did Dutch-born Gertrude Zelle, World War I spy, operate?
13. (a) Who was Julius Caesar’s wife atthe time of his death?
(b) Which French Peasant became “a heroine and a saint”?
14. Who was the first film star to appear on a postage stamp?
15. (a) What was the name of the British Queen who led a rebellion against the Romans?
(b) What was the name of the Indian Queen who led a revolt against the British in 1857?
1. Which British Queen ruled for over 60years?
2. Name the Empress of Russia who ruled from 1762-96.
3. (a) About who was it said “Age cannot wither her nor custom stale her infinite variety”?
(b) Whose face “launched a thousandships”?
4. Although blind, deaf and dumb, she graduated from college and achieved high distinction as a writer and scholar. Who was she?
5. Name the women who became PrimeMinister of:
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Israel
(c) Britain
(d) Pakistan
(e) India
(f) Ireland
6. (a) For what treacherous action is Delilah notorious?
(b) Which demoness tried to tempt Rama and Lakshmana?
7. (a) This Japanese became the first woman in the world to scale Mount Everest.
(b) This young Indian was the First woman to scale Mount Everest in 1984.
8. (a) Who was the first woman to make a Solo Flight from England to Australia?
(b) Who became the first Asian woman to sail around the world?
9. This “lark” has made a mark in the world of playback singing for films in India.
10. As what is Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu better known?
11. In which sphere of arts was each of the following renowned?
(a) Anna Pavlova
(b) M.S. Subbulakshmi
(c) Sheila Gujral
(d) Samantha Fox
12. (a) What was the name of the woman who organized the “Women’s Social and Political Union” in 1905 in England?
(b) Under what name did Dutch-born Gertrude Zelle, World War I spy, operate?
13. (a) Who was Julius Caesar’s wife atthe time of his death?
(b) Which French Peasant became “a heroine and a saint”?
14. Who was the first film star to appear on a postage stamp?
15. (a) What was the name of the British Queen who led a rebellion against the Romans?
(b) What was the name of the Indian Queen who led a revolt against the British in 1857?
Quiz contests
Complete the following Hindi proverb - Mann Changa Toh Kathoti Mein ______.
Answer: Ganga
Which of the following beauty queens may also be identified as Mrs. Mahesh Bhupathi?
Answer: Lara Dutta
Who is the authorof this "Doha", 'Aisi bani boliye, Man kaaapa khoye, Auran ko sital kare, Aaphun sital hoye'?
Answer: Kabir
The song 'Yeh Chand Sa Roshan Chehra' is from whichhindi film?
Answer: Kashmir Ki Kali
According to the constitution of India, which of the following has power to remit the death sentence?
Answer: President
Ukraine born Yuri Ogorodnik has coached Indian national team in which sport?
Answer: Athletics
Shatabdi Expresstrain was given that name to commemorate the birth centenary of which personality?
Answer: Jawahar Lal Nehru
Whose first names are Kisan Baburao?
Answer: Anna Hazare.
Quiz Contestant:
Which of these proverbs has the same meaning as 'Aankhe char hona'?
Answer: Aankh Milna
According to Mahabharata, who protected Draupadi's honour during 'Chir Haran'?
Answer: Krishna
The titles of all the 12 films directed by Rakesh Roshanbegin with what letter ofEnglish alphabet?
Answer: K
According to the constitution of India, what role does Attorney General fulfil for the Government of India?
Answer: Legal Advisor
Answer: Ganga
Which of the following beauty queens may also be identified as Mrs. Mahesh Bhupathi?
Answer: Lara Dutta
Who is the authorof this "Doha", 'Aisi bani boliye, Man kaaapa khoye, Auran ko sital kare, Aaphun sital hoye'?
Answer: Kabir
The song 'Yeh Chand Sa Roshan Chehra' is from whichhindi film?
Answer: Kashmir Ki Kali
According to the constitution of India, which of the following has power to remit the death sentence?
Answer: President
Ukraine born Yuri Ogorodnik has coached Indian national team in which sport?
Answer: Athletics
Shatabdi Expresstrain was given that name to commemorate the birth centenary of which personality?
Answer: Jawahar Lal Nehru
Whose first names are Kisan Baburao?
Answer: Anna Hazare.
Quiz Contestant:
Which of these proverbs has the same meaning as 'Aankhe char hona'?
Answer: Aankh Milna
According to Mahabharata, who protected Draupadi's honour during 'Chir Haran'?
Answer: Krishna
The titles of all the 12 films directed by Rakesh Roshanbegin with what letter ofEnglish alphabet?
Answer: K
According to the constitution of India, what role does Attorney General fulfil for the Government of India?
Answer: Legal Advisor
Wednesday, 19 December 2012
Organic chemol: General Knowledge Questions and Answers
97 Nickname of New York city is Big Apple
98 What do you call a group of sheep? A Flock of Sheep
99 In which sport do players take long and short corners? Hockey
100 Who was the youngest President of the USA? Theodore Roosevelt
101 How many legs do butterflies have? 6 Legs & 2 Pair of Wings
102 Who invented the Nintendo Wii? Kashi Kabushiki
103 What year does the Nintendo Wii come out? Late 2006
104 Who invented the Light Bulb? Humphry Davy
105 Who invented the washing machine? James King
106 Who invented the first electric washing machine? Alva Fisher
107 Who invented the safety pin? Walter Hunt
108 Who invented the Vacuum Cleaner? Hubert Booth
109 Who won the Football World Cup in 2006? Italy
110 Which country hosted the FootballWorld Cup in 2006? Germany
110 Who is the new Prime Minister of the United Kingdom? David Cameron
111 Who won Men's Singles title in French Open 2010? Rafael Nadal (Spain)
112 Who won Women's Singles title in French Open 2010? Francesca Schiavone (Italy)
113 Who won Men's Doubles title in French Open 2010? Daniel Nestor (Canada) & Nenad Zimonjic (Serbia)
114 Who won Women's Doubles title in French Open 2010? Serena & Venus Williams (USA)
115 What is the longest word in English in which each letter is used at least two times? Unprosperousness
116 What is the most popular breed ofdog? Retrievers
117 Who is the CEO of search company Google? Eric Schmidt
118 Who is Miss USA 2010? Rima Fakih
119 Which country won the Thomas Cup title for Badminton in 2010? China
120 Who was the first Indian to join the Indian Civil Services? Satyendranath Tagore
121 Who was the first woman Governor of India? Sarojini Naidu
122 Which two countries have signed the Nuclear Swap deal with Iran? Brazil and Turkey
123 Who won the Madrid Masters men's tournament in 2010? Rafael Nadal
124 Who is CEO of Yahoo? Carol Bartz
125 Who is the first man to climb Mount Everest without oxygen? Phu Dorji
98 What do you call a group of sheep? A Flock of Sheep
99 In which sport do players take long and short corners? Hockey
100 Who was the youngest President of the USA? Theodore Roosevelt
101 How many legs do butterflies have? 6 Legs & 2 Pair of Wings
102 Who invented the Nintendo Wii? Kashi Kabushiki
103 What year does the Nintendo Wii come out? Late 2006
104 Who invented the Light Bulb? Humphry Davy
105 Who invented the washing machine? James King
106 Who invented the first electric washing machine? Alva Fisher
107 Who invented the safety pin? Walter Hunt
108 Who invented the Vacuum Cleaner? Hubert Booth
109 Who won the Football World Cup in 2006? Italy
110 Which country hosted the FootballWorld Cup in 2006? Germany
110 Who is the new Prime Minister of the United Kingdom? David Cameron
111 Who won Men's Singles title in French Open 2010? Rafael Nadal (Spain)
112 Who won Women's Singles title in French Open 2010? Francesca Schiavone (Italy)
113 Who won Men's Doubles title in French Open 2010? Daniel Nestor (Canada) & Nenad Zimonjic (Serbia)
114 Who won Women's Doubles title in French Open 2010? Serena & Venus Williams (USA)
115 What is the longest word in English in which each letter is used at least two times? Unprosperousness
116 What is the most popular breed ofdog? Retrievers
117 Who is the CEO of search company Google? Eric Schmidt
118 Who is Miss USA 2010? Rima Fakih
119 Which country won the Thomas Cup title for Badminton in 2010? China
120 Who was the first Indian to join the Indian Civil Services? Satyendranath Tagore
121 Who was the first woman Governor of India? Sarojini Naidu
122 Which two countries have signed the Nuclear Swap deal with Iran? Brazil and Turkey
123 Who won the Madrid Masters men's tournament in 2010? Rafael Nadal
124 Who is CEO of Yahoo? Carol Bartz
125 Who is the first man to climb Mount Everest without oxygen? Phu Dorji
General Knowledge Questions and Answers
65 'Last Judgement' was the first painting of an Italian painter named Michelangelo
66 Paradise Regained was written by John Milton
67 The first President of Egypt was Mohammed Nequib
68 The first man to reach North Pole was Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary
69 The most famous painting of Pablo Picasso was Guermica
70 The primary producer of newsprint in the world is Canada
71 The first explorer to reach the South Pole was Cap. Ronald Amundson
72 The person who is called the father of modern Italy is G.Garibaldi
73 World literacy day is celebrated on 8th September
74 The founder of modern Germany is Bismarck
75 The country known as the land of the midnight sun is Norway
76 The place known as the Roof of theworld is Tibet
77 The founder of the Chinese Republicwas San Yat Sen
78 The first Pakistani to receive the Nobel Prize was Abdul Salam
79 The first woman Prime Minister of Britain was Margaret Thatcher
80 The first Secretary General of the UNO was Trygve Lie
81 The sculptor of the statue of Liberty was Frederick Auguste Bartholdi
82 The port of Baku is situated in Azerbaijan
83 John F Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald
84 The largest river in France is Loire
85 The Queen of England who married her brother-in-law was Catherine of Aragon
86 The first black person to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize was Ralph Johnson Bunche
87 The first British University to admit women for degree courses was London University
88 The principal export of Jamaica is Sugar
89 New York is popularly known as thecity of Skyscrapers
90 Madagascar is popularly known as the Island of Cloves
91 The country known as the Land of White Elephant is Thailand
92 The country known as the Land of Morning Calm is Korea
93 The country known as the Land of Thunderbolts is Bhutan
94 The highest waterfalls in the world is the Salto Angel Falls, Venezuela
95 The largest library in the world is the United States Library of Congress, Washington DC
96 The author of Harry Potter Books is JK Rowling
66 Paradise Regained was written by John Milton
67 The first President of Egypt was Mohammed Nequib
68 The first man to reach North Pole was Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary
69 The most famous painting of Pablo Picasso was Guermica
70 The primary producer of newsprint in the world is Canada
71 The first explorer to reach the South Pole was Cap. Ronald Amundson
72 The person who is called the father of modern Italy is G.Garibaldi
73 World literacy day is celebrated on 8th September
74 The founder of modern Germany is Bismarck
75 The country known as the land of the midnight sun is Norway
76 The place known as the Roof of theworld is Tibet
77 The founder of the Chinese Republicwas San Yat Sen
78 The first Pakistani to receive the Nobel Prize was Abdul Salam
79 The first woman Prime Minister of Britain was Margaret Thatcher
80 The first Secretary General of the UNO was Trygve Lie
81 The sculptor of the statue of Liberty was Frederick Auguste Bartholdi
82 The port of Baku is situated in Azerbaijan
83 John F Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald
84 The largest river in France is Loire
85 The Queen of England who married her brother-in-law was Catherine of Aragon
86 The first black person to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize was Ralph Johnson Bunche
87 The first British University to admit women for degree courses was London University
88 The principal export of Jamaica is Sugar
89 New York is popularly known as thecity of Skyscrapers
90 Madagascar is popularly known as the Island of Cloves
91 The country known as the Land of White Elephant is Thailand
92 The country known as the Land of Morning Calm is Korea
93 The country known as the Land of Thunderbolts is Bhutan
94 The highest waterfalls in the world is the Salto Angel Falls, Venezuela
95 The largest library in the world is the United States Library of Congress, Washington DC
96 The author of Harry Potter Books is JK Rowling
Monday, 17 December 2012
Interesting facts about english languages
Interesting Facts about the English language
Here is the list of some Interesting and Funny Facts of English Language.
1. The word 'almost' is the longest in the English language with all the letters in alphabetical order.
2. The most commonly used word in English conversation is 'I'.
3. No words in the English language rhyme with the words angel, angst, breadth, bulb, depth, eighth, month, ninth, orange, purple, scalp or twelfth.
4. The most commonly used letter in the alphabet is E.
5. The least used letter in the alphabet is Q.
6. 'I am.' is the shortest complete sentence.
7. Skiing is the only word with double i.
8. Dreamt is the only word that ends in mt.
9. The word "set" has more definitions than any other word in the English language.
10. The first letters of the months July through to November spell JASON.
Here is the list of some Interesting and Funny Facts of English Language.
1. The word 'almost' is the longest in the English language with all the letters in alphabetical order.
2. The most commonly used word in English conversation is 'I'.
3. No words in the English language rhyme with the words angel, angst, breadth, bulb, depth, eighth, month, ninth, orange, purple, scalp or twelfth.
4. The most commonly used letter in the alphabet is E.
5. The least used letter in the alphabet is Q.
6. 'I am.' is the shortest complete sentence.
7. Skiing is the only word with double i.
8. Dreamt is the only word that ends in mt.
9. The word "set" has more definitions than any other word in the English language.
10. The first letters of the months July through to November spell JASON.
India current general knowledge
India Current General Knowledge Quiz -Questions and Answers
1. In which state of India, the world's tallest bridge that will replace France's Millaes Bridge is coming up?
Answer: Jammu & Kashmir
2. Name the hotel group which has been ranked as Asia's leading luxury hotel brand?
Answer: Oberoi Hotel
3. Which state in India is going to have longest high speed test track of the world?
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
4. Name the company which has bought data storage network company 'Equal logic'?
Answer: Dell
5. Which state has decided to set up 'Mahila Shakti Sadan' in rural areas?
Answer: Haryana
6. Which country sends most number ofstudents to USA?
Answer: India
7. The world's second biggest retailer, Carrefour will enter India by 2009, it belongs to which country?
Answer: France
8. Recently, Indian Army kicked off a massive combat exercise, code named _____?
Answer: Exercise Kamyabi
9. Name the Indian software company to be named among the top 10 in the annual Fun Tech list.
Answer: TCS (Tata Consultancy Services)
10. Which country declared Bird Flue free country recently?
Answer: India
1. In which state of India, the world's tallest bridge that will replace France's Millaes Bridge is coming up?
Answer: Jammu & Kashmir
2. Name the hotel group which has been ranked as Asia's leading luxury hotel brand?
Answer: Oberoi Hotel
3. Which state in India is going to have longest high speed test track of the world?
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
4. Name the company which has bought data storage network company 'Equal logic'?
Answer: Dell
5. Which state has decided to set up 'Mahila Shakti Sadan' in rural areas?
Answer: Haryana
6. Which country sends most number ofstudents to USA?
Answer: India
7. The world's second biggest retailer, Carrefour will enter India by 2009, it belongs to which country?
Answer: France
8. Recently, Indian Army kicked off a massive combat exercise, code named _____?
Answer: Exercise Kamyabi
9. Name the Indian software company to be named among the top 10 in the annual Fun Tech list.
Answer: TCS (Tata Consultancy Services)
10. Which country declared Bird Flue free country recently?
Answer: India
Sunday, 16 December 2012
Organic chemol: National symbol of india
National Song of India
The song Vande Mataram, composed insanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji, was a source of inspiration to the people in their struggle for freedom. It has an equal status with Jana-gana-mana. The first political occasion when it was sung was the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress. The following is the text of its first stanza:
Vande Mataram!
Sujalam, suphalam, malayaja shitalam,
Shasyashyamalam, Mataram!
Shubhrajyotsna pulakitayaminim,
Phullakusumita drumadala shobhinim,
Suhasinim sumadhura bhashinim,
Sukhadam varadam, Mataram!
National Calendar of India
The national calendar based on the Saka Era, with Chaitra as its first monthand a normal year of 365 days was adopted from 22 March 1957 along with the Gregorian calendar for the following official purposes: (i) Gazette of India, (ii) news broadcast by All IndiaRadio, (iii) calendars issued by the Government of India and (iv) Government communications addressedto the members of the public. Dates of the national calendar have a permanentcorrespondence with dates of the Gregorian calendar, 1 Chaitra falling on 22 March normally and on 21 March in leap year.
National Animal of India
The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris, astriped animal is the national animal of India, it has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark stripes. The combination of grace, strength, ability and enormous power has earned the tiger its pride of place as the national animal of India. Out of eight races of the species known, the Indian race, the Royal Bengal Tiger, is found throughout the country except in the north-western region and also in the neighbouring countries, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh.
The song Vande Mataram, composed insanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji, was a source of inspiration to the people in their struggle for freedom. It has an equal status with Jana-gana-mana. The first political occasion when it was sung was the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress. The following is the text of its first stanza:
Vande Mataram!
Sujalam, suphalam, malayaja shitalam,
Shasyashyamalam, Mataram!
Shubhrajyotsna pulakitayaminim,
Phullakusumita drumadala shobhinim,
Suhasinim sumadhura bhashinim,
Sukhadam varadam, Mataram!
National Calendar of India
The national calendar based on the Saka Era, with Chaitra as its first monthand a normal year of 365 days was adopted from 22 March 1957 along with the Gregorian calendar for the following official purposes: (i) Gazette of India, (ii) news broadcast by All IndiaRadio, (iii) calendars issued by the Government of India and (iv) Government communications addressedto the members of the public. Dates of the national calendar have a permanentcorrespondence with dates of the Gregorian calendar, 1 Chaitra falling on 22 March normally and on 21 March in leap year.
National Animal of India
The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris, astriped animal is the national animal of India, it has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark stripes. The combination of grace, strength, ability and enormous power has earned the tiger its pride of place as the national animal of India. Out of eight races of the species known, the Indian race, the Royal Bengal Tiger, is found throughout the country except in the north-western region and also in the neighbouring countries, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh.
National symbol of india
National Bird of India
The Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus, thenational bird of India, is a colourful, swan-sized bird, with a fan-shaped crest of feathers, a white patch under the eye and a long, slender neck. The male of the species is more colourful than the female, with a glistening blue breast and neck and a spectacular bronze-green trail of around 200 elongated feathers. The female is brownish, slightly smaller than the maleand lacks the trail. The elaborate courtship dance of the male, fanning out the tail and preening its feathers is a gorgeous sight.
National Flower of India
Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn) is theNational Flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position inthe art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.
National Tree of India
The Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis) is the National Tree of India. This huge tree towers over its neighbours and hasthe widest reaching roots of all known trees, easily covering several acres. It sends off new shoots from its roots, so that one tree is really a tangle of branches, roots, and trunks.
National Fruit of India
Mango (Manigifera indica) is the National fruit of India. Mango is one of the most widely grown fruits of the tropical countries. In India, mango is cultivated almost in all parts, with the exception of hilly areas. Mango is a richsource of Vitamins A, C and D. In India,we have hundreds of varieties of mangoes. They are of different sizes, shapes and colours. Mangoes have been cultivated in India since time immemorial.
The Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus, thenational bird of India, is a colourful, swan-sized bird, with a fan-shaped crest of feathers, a white patch under the eye and a long, slender neck. The male of the species is more colourful than the female, with a glistening blue breast and neck and a spectacular bronze-green trail of around 200 elongated feathers. The female is brownish, slightly smaller than the maleand lacks the trail. The elaborate courtship dance of the male, fanning out the tail and preening its feathers is a gorgeous sight.
National Flower of India
Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn) is theNational Flower of India. It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position inthe art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.
National Tree of India
The Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis) is the National Tree of India. This huge tree towers over its neighbours and hasthe widest reaching roots of all known trees, easily covering several acres. It sends off new shoots from its roots, so that one tree is really a tangle of branches, roots, and trunks.
National Fruit of India
Mango (Manigifera indica) is the National fruit of India. Mango is one of the most widely grown fruits of the tropical countries. In India, mango is cultivated almost in all parts, with the exception of hilly areas. Mango is a richsource of Vitamins A, C and D. In India,we have hundreds of varieties of mangoes. They are of different sizes, shapes and colours. Mangoes have been cultivated in India since time immemorial.
Organic chemol: Organic chemol: Organic chemol: Quiz Ans
Answers
1. (a) Belgium
(b) Switzerland
2. (a) The Hwang-Ho
(b) The Damodhar
3. In Northern Australia
4. Herring Pond
5. Oxford
6. (a) Africa
(b) Australia
7. The Straits of Gibraltar
8. (a) Island of Pearls
(b) Emerald Island
(c) Island of Cloves
9. Tristan da Cunha
10. (a) Burma (Myanmar)
(b) Korea
(c) Finland
11. (a) Rome
(b) Lhasa (Tibet)
(c) Chicago
(d) Aberdeen (Scotland)
12. (a) Nilgiris, South India
(b) The Pemir, Asia
13. (a) The Rose-Pink City
(b) The Bride of the Adriatic
(c)The City of Magnificent Distances
(d) The City of Lights
14. The Balkans
15. (a) Stockholm
(b) Kochi, Kerala
16. (a) The Land of the White Elephant
(b) The Land of the Thunderbolt
17. Cuba
18. (a) Japan
(b) Norway
19. (a) Egypt
(b) Singapore
20. (a) Guinea Coast, Africa
(b) The United States of America
1. (a) Belgium
(b) Switzerland
2. (a) The Hwang-Ho
(b) The Damodhar
3. In Northern Australia
4. Herring Pond
5. Oxford
6. (a) Africa
(b) Australia
7. The Straits of Gibraltar
8. (a) Island of Pearls
(b) Emerald Island
(c) Island of Cloves
9. Tristan da Cunha
10. (a) Burma (Myanmar)
(b) Korea
(c) Finland
11. (a) Rome
(b) Lhasa (Tibet)
(c) Chicago
(d) Aberdeen (Scotland)
12. (a) Nilgiris, South India
(b) The Pemir, Asia
13. (a) The Rose-Pink City
(b) The Bride of the Adriatic
(c)The City of Magnificent Distances
(d) The City of Lights
14. The Balkans
15. (a) Stockholm
(b) Kochi, Kerala
16. (a) The Land of the White Elephant
(b) The Land of the Thunderbolt
17. Cuba
18. (a) Japan
(b) Norway
19. (a) Egypt
(b) Singapore
20. (a) Guinea Coast, Africa
(b) The United States of America
Organic chemol: Organic chemol: Quiz
- Quiz Questions & Answers
1. Which countries are called
(a) the Cockpit of Europe
(b) the Playground of Europe
2. Which rivers are known as
(a) China’s sorrow
(b) Bengal’s sorrow
3. Where would you find the “Never Never Land”?
4. What name is given to the Atlantic Ocean?
5. Which centre of learning is called “The City of Dreaming Spires”?
6. Identify them:
(a) Dark Continent
(b) Island Continent
7. What are the “Pillars of Hercules”?
8. By what names are these known?
(a) Bahrain
(b) Ireland
(c) Zanzibar
9. Which is the world’s “Loneliest Island”?
10. Name the countries associated with the following:
(a) The Land of the Golden Pagodas
(b) The Land of the Morning Calm
(c) The Land of a Thousand Lakes
11. What are original names of the countries?
(a) the Eternal City
(b) the Forbidden City
(c) the Windy City
(d) the Granite City
12. Where would you find the following?
(a) the Blue Mountains
(b) the Roof of the World
13. What are the other names given to the following?
(a) Jaipur
(b) Venice
(c) Washington
(d) Paris
14. What is known as “The Power Keg of Europe”?
15. Mention the cities related to these names.
(a) the Venice of the North
(b) the Venice of the South
16. What are the names of:
(a) Thailand
(b) Bhutan
17. Which country is called “The sugar Bowl of the World”?
18. To which countries these names aregiven?
(a) The Land of the Rising Sun
(b) The Land of the midnight Sun
19. (a) What is the “Gift of the Nile”?
(b) Which city is known as “The Pearl of the Orient”?
20. (a) Where would you find the “White Man’s Grave”?
(b) Who is “Uncle Sam”?
1. Which countries are called
(a) the Cockpit of Europe
(b) the Playground of Europe
2. Which rivers are known as
(a) China’s sorrow
(b) Bengal’s sorrow
3. Where would you find the “Never Never Land”?
4. What name is given to the Atlantic Ocean?
5. Which centre of learning is called “The City of Dreaming Spires”?
6. Identify them:
(a) Dark Continent
(b) Island Continent
7. What are the “Pillars of Hercules”?
8. By what names are these known?
(a) Bahrain
(b) Ireland
(c) Zanzibar
9. Which is the world’s “Loneliest Island”?
10. Name the countries associated with the following:
(a) The Land of the Golden Pagodas
(b) The Land of the Morning Calm
(c) The Land of a Thousand Lakes
11. What are original names of the countries?
(a) the Eternal City
(b) the Forbidden City
(c) the Windy City
(d) the Granite City
12. Where would you find the following?
(a) the Blue Mountains
(b) the Roof of the World
13. What are the other names given to the following?
(a) Jaipur
(b) Venice
(c) Washington
(d) Paris
14. What is known as “The Power Keg of Europe”?
15. Mention the cities related to these names.
(a) the Venice of the North
(b) the Venice of the South
16. What are the names of:
(a) Thailand
(b) Bhutan
17. Which country is called “The sugar Bowl of the World”?
18. To which countries these names aregiven?
(a) The Land of the Rising Sun
(b) The Land of the midnight Sun
19. (a) What is the “Gift of the Nile”?
(b) Which city is known as “The Pearl of the Orient”?
20. (a) Where would you find the “White Man’s Grave”?
(b) Who is “Uncle Sam”?
Organic chemol: Quiz Answers of only 10 Ques
Answers to Proverbs and Sayings Quiz Questions
1. (a) God disposes
(b) spoil the child
(c) the better part of valour
(d) is half done
2. An ill-wind
3. He who pays the piper
4. (a) Dead men
(b) good intentions
5. In the fable, the monkey used the catto pull roasted chestnuts from the fire.
6. (a) Bull
(b) Swine
(c) cat
(d) Sheep
7. (a) Virtue
(b) beauty
(c) revenge
8. Abraham Lincoln
9. (a) To be faced by a difficult choice between alternatives equally attractive
(b) Going ahead with a project with no hope of turning back
10. (a) in love
(b) they die young
1. (a) God disposes
(b) spoil the child
(c) the better part of valour
(d) is half done
2. An ill-wind
3. He who pays the piper
4. (a) Dead men
(b) good intentions
5. In the fable, the monkey used the catto pull roasted chestnuts from the fire.
6. (a) Bull
(b) Swine
(c) cat
(d) Sheep
7. (a) Virtue
(b) beauty
(c) revenge
8. Abraham Lincoln
9. (a) To be faced by a difficult choice between alternatives equally attractive
(b) Going ahead with a project with no hope of turning back
10. (a) in love
(b) they die young
Quiz
Proverbs and Sayings - Quiz Questions & Answers
1. Complete the following
(a) Man Proposes …………………
(b) Spare the rod and ………………
(c) Discretion is ……………………
(d) Well Begun ……………………
2. What is it that blows nobody good?
3. Who calls the Tune?
4. (a) Who tell no tales?
(b) With what is the way to Hell paved?
5. “To be the cat’s paw of” means “to be the tool of”. Why cat’s paw?
6. Insert the appropriate animal’s names in the following:
(a) A …… in a China shop
(b) don’t cast your pearls before the……
(c) Let the …… out of the bag.
(d) The black …… of the family.
7. What is it that is ……?
(a) its own reward
(b) skin-deep
(c) sweet
8. Which American President said, “It isnot best to swap horses while crossing the river”?
9. What does the following mean?
(a) “to be on the horns of a dilemma”
(b) “crossing the Rubicon”
10. (a) If you are lucky at cards when will you be unlucky?
(b) What happens to those whom the Gods love?
11. What should you do if you wish to be healthy, wealthy and wise?
12. Where shouldn’t you wash your dirty linen?
13. (a) What is meant by mind your P’s and Q’s?
(b) What is meant by “look before you leap”?
14. If you go to Rome, what are you advised to do?
15. Complete the following:
(a) One man’s meat …………
(b) Fools rush …………………
(c) To pour oil ………………
(d) Let the pot call ……………
16. (a) Who is soon parted from his money?
(b) Who shouldn’t throw stones?
17. What is it that ………?
(a) makes most noise
(b) maketh a ready man
(c) has a silver lining
18. “Laugh and the world laughs with you. Weep and you ……”
19. (a) What should you strike when it is hot?
(b) What shouldn’t you put in one basket?
20. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Ali’s well …………
(b) Fine feathers ………
(c) The least said ………
(d) Necessity is ………
1. Complete the following
(a) Man Proposes …………………
(b) Spare the rod and ………………
(c) Discretion is ……………………
(d) Well Begun ……………………
2. What is it that blows nobody good?
3. Who calls the Tune?
4. (a) Who tell no tales?
(b) With what is the way to Hell paved?
5. “To be the cat’s paw of” means “to be the tool of”. Why cat’s paw?
6. Insert the appropriate animal’s names in the following:
(a) A …… in a China shop
(b) don’t cast your pearls before the……
(c) Let the …… out of the bag.
(d) The black …… of the family.
7. What is it that is ……?
(a) its own reward
(b) skin-deep
(c) sweet
8. Which American President said, “It isnot best to swap horses while crossing the river”?
9. What does the following mean?
(a) “to be on the horns of a dilemma”
(b) “crossing the Rubicon”
10. (a) If you are lucky at cards when will you be unlucky?
(b) What happens to those whom the Gods love?
11. What should you do if you wish to be healthy, wealthy and wise?
12. Where shouldn’t you wash your dirty linen?
13. (a) What is meant by mind your P’s and Q’s?
(b) What is meant by “look before you leap”?
14. If you go to Rome, what are you advised to do?
15. Complete the following:
(a) One man’s meat …………
(b) Fools rush …………………
(c) To pour oil ………………
(d) Let the pot call ……………
16. (a) Who is soon parted from his money?
(b) Who shouldn’t throw stones?
17. What is it that ………?
(a) makes most noise
(b) maketh a ready man
(c) has a silver lining
18. “Laugh and the world laughs with you. Weep and you ……”
19. (a) What should you strike when it is hot?
(b) What shouldn’t you put in one basket?
20. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Ali’s well …………
(b) Fine feathers ………
(c) The least said ………
(d) Necessity is ………
Thoughts of grate persons
Thoughts of grate persons:
"Hold a true friend with both hands."
- (Proverb)
"Time and tide wait for none."
- Alexander Pope
"When ambition ends, happiness begins."
- (Proverb)
"To err is human; to forgive, divine."
- Alexander Pope
"Act well your part; there all honor lies."
- Alexander Pope
"I never think of the future. It comes soon enough."
- Albert Einstein
"Nothing is impossible to a willing heart."
- (Proverb)
"Everything you can imagine is real."
- Pablo Picasso
"Actions speak louder than words."
- (Proverb)
"We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them."
- Albert Einstein
"Weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character."
"In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity."
- Albert Einstein- Albert Einstein
"Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler."
- Albert Einstein
"The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources."
- Albert Einstein
"Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe."
- Albert Einstein
"If you judge people, you have no time to love them."
- Mother Teresa
"Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving."
- Albert Einstein
"You cannot shake hands with a clenched fist."
- Indira Gandhi
"Hold a true friend with both hands."
- (Proverb)
"Time and tide wait for none."
- Alexander Pope
"When ambition ends, happiness begins."
- (Proverb)
"To err is human; to forgive, divine."
- Alexander Pope
"Act well your part; there all honor lies."
- Alexander Pope
"I never think of the future. It comes soon enough."
- Albert Einstein
"Nothing is impossible to a willing heart."
- (Proverb)
"Everything you can imagine is real."
- Pablo Picasso
"Actions speak louder than words."
- (Proverb)
"We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them."
- Albert Einstein
"Weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character."
"In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity."
- Albert Einstein- Albert Einstein
"Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler."
- Albert Einstein
"The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources."
- Albert Einstein
"Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe."
- Albert Einstein
"If you judge people, you have no time to love them."
- Mother Teresa
"Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving."
- Albert Einstein
"You cannot shake hands with a clenched fist."
- Indira Gandhi
Panchayat raj Quizs
Question:
What is the system of governance in the Panchayat Raj set up
Response:
(a) Single tier system of local self government at the village level
(b) Two tier system of local self government at the village and block level
(c) Three tier structure of local self government at village, block and district level
Score 0 of 1
Question:
Which of the following states has no Panchayat Raj institution
Response:
(a) Assam
(b) Nagaland
(c) Tripura
(d) Kerala
Score 0 of 1
Question:
Which of the following regarding the Panchayat Raj are correct
(a) The elections to the panchayats will be held by the election commission
(b) There are mandatory reservations for women and weaker sections
(c) The panchayats have a fixed term of 5 years
Response:
(a) A and b
(b) B and c
(c) All of the above
(d) none
Score 0 of 1
Question:
The recommendation s of the Ashok Mehta committee on Panchayati Raj are
1. Creation of two tier system
2. Compulsary powers of taxation to Panchayat
3. Reservation for SC/ST
Response:
(a) 1, 2
(b) 2, 3
(c) All of the above
(d) None
Score 0 of 1
Question:
The Balwant Rai Mehta committee was on
Response:
(a) Democratic decentralization
(b) Panchayati Raj institution
(c) Community development programme
Score 0 of 1
(skipped)
Question:
Panchayati raj was first adopted by (inorder)
Response:
(a) Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh
(b) Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal
(c) Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh
(d) None of these
Score 1 of 1
Question:
Which of the following is a committee on Panchayati Raj institution
Response:
(a) Bal want Rai Mehta Committee
(b) G.V.K Rao
(c) LM singhvi
(d) Ashok Mehta
Score 0 of 1
(skipped)
Question:
The provision to organise Panchayats is mentioned in
Response:
(a) Part I of the constitution
(b) Part IV-A
(c) Part III
(d) Part IV
Score 1 of 1
Question:
Panchayati Raj is a system of
Response:
(a) Local government
(b) Local administration
(c) Local self government
(d) Rural local self government
What is the system of governance in the Panchayat Raj set up
Response:
(a) Single tier system of local self government at the village level
(b) Two tier system of local self government at the village and block level
(c) Three tier structure of local self government at village, block and district level
Score 0 of 1
Question:
Which of the following states has no Panchayat Raj institution
Response:
(a) Assam
(b) Nagaland
(c) Tripura
(d) Kerala
Score 0 of 1
Question:
Which of the following regarding the Panchayat Raj are correct
(a) The elections to the panchayats will be held by the election commission
(b) There are mandatory reservations for women and weaker sections
(c) The panchayats have a fixed term of 5 years
Response:
(a) A and b
(b) B and c
(c) All of the above
(d) none
Score 0 of 1
Question:
The recommendation s of the Ashok Mehta committee on Panchayati Raj are
1. Creation of two tier system
2. Compulsary powers of taxation to Panchayat
3. Reservation for SC/ST
Response:
(a) 1, 2
(b) 2, 3
(c) All of the above
(d) None
Score 0 of 1
Question:
The Balwant Rai Mehta committee was on
Response:
(a) Democratic decentralization
(b) Panchayati Raj institution
(c) Community development programme
Score 0 of 1
(skipped)
Question:
Panchayati raj was first adopted by (inorder)
Response:
(a) Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh
(b) Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal
(c) Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh
(d) None of these
Score 1 of 1
Question:
Which of the following is a committee on Panchayati Raj institution
Response:
(a) Bal want Rai Mehta Committee
(b) G.V.K Rao
(c) LM singhvi
(d) Ashok Mehta
Score 0 of 1
(skipped)
Question:
The provision to organise Panchayats is mentioned in
Response:
(a) Part I of the constitution
(b) Part IV-A
(c) Part III
(d) Part IV
Score 1 of 1
Question:
Panchayati Raj is a system of
Response:
(a) Local government
(b) Local administration
(c) Local self government
(d) Rural local self government
Internet Quizs
Internet Quiz Questions
1. Who is considered as the "Father of the Internet"?
2. Which famous personality coined the word 'Information Superhighway'?
3. Along with whom Sabeer Bhatia co-founded the famous e-mail software technology Hotmail?
4. Which term was coined by William Gibson in his book "Nueromancer" in 1984?
5. Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support, CALS, is the general framework for E-commerce. Who initiated and developed this?
6. Name this famous corporate which get its name from a brute race mentioned in Jonathan Swift's novel"Gulliver's Travel"?
7. What is the term used to the software that collects email addresses from the web and then send spam mails to those addresses?
Internet Quiz Answers
1.
Vinton G. Cerf
2.
Al Gore
3.
Jack Smith
4.
Cyberspace
5.
US Department of Defence
6.
Yahoo
7.
Crawler
1. Who is considered as the "Father of the Internet"?
2. Which famous personality coined the word 'Information Superhighway'?
3. Along with whom Sabeer Bhatia co-founded the famous e-mail software technology Hotmail?
4. Which term was coined by William Gibson in his book "Nueromancer" in 1984?
5. Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support, CALS, is the general framework for E-commerce. Who initiated and developed this?
6. Name this famous corporate which get its name from a brute race mentioned in Jonathan Swift's novel"Gulliver's Travel"?
7. What is the term used to the software that collects email addresses from the web and then send spam mails to those addresses?
Internet Quiz Answers
1.
Vinton G. Cerf
2.
Al Gore
3.
Jack Smith
4.
Cyberspace
5.
US Department of Defence
6.
Yahoo
7.
Crawler
Vice-presidents&highest populated countries
Vice Presidents of India - List of Vice-Presidents of India
This article contains the List of Vice-Presidents of India along with detailed information about them.
VICE-PRESIDENTS OF INDIA
Time Period Vice-President's Name
1952-1962 S. Radhakrishnan
1962-1967 Zakir Hussain
1967-1969 V. V. Giri
1969-1974 G. S. Pathak
1974-1979 B.D. Jatti
1979-1984 Md. Hidayatullah
1984-1987 R. Venkataraman
1987-1992 Dr. S.D. Sharma
1992-1997 K.R. Narayanan
1997-2002 Krishan Kanth
2002-207 Bhairon Singh Shekawath
2007 August 9 - Till Date Mohammad Hamid Anzari
*Highest Populated Countries
Rank Country 2009 Population 2010 Population
1. China 1,338,612,968 1,338,650,000
2. India 1,156,897,766 1,183,416,000
3. United States of America 307,212,123 309,738,000
4. Indonesia 240,271,522 234,181,000
5. Brazil 190,010,647 193,223,000
6. Pakistan 174,578,558 170,013,500
7. Bangladesh 156,050,883 162,221,000
8. Nigeria 149,229,090 154,729,000
9. Russia 140,041,247 141,927,297
10. Japan 127,078,679 127,380,000
This article contains the List of Vice-Presidents of India along with detailed information about them.
VICE-PRESIDENTS OF INDIA
Time Period Vice-President's Name
1952-1962 S. Radhakrishnan
1962-1967 Zakir Hussain
1967-1969 V. V. Giri
1969-1974 G. S. Pathak
1974-1979 B.D. Jatti
1979-1984 Md. Hidayatullah
1984-1987 R. Venkataraman
1987-1992 Dr. S.D. Sharma
1992-1997 K.R. Narayanan
1997-2002 Krishan Kanth
2002-207 Bhairon Singh Shekawath
2007 August 9 - Till Date Mohammad Hamid Anzari
*Highest Populated Countries
Rank Country 2009 Population 2010 Population
1. China 1,338,612,968 1,338,650,000
2. India 1,156,897,766 1,183,416,000
3. United States of America 307,212,123 309,738,000
4. Indonesia 240,271,522 234,181,000
5. Brazil 190,010,647 193,223,000
6. Pakistan 174,578,558 170,013,500
7. Bangladesh 156,050,883 162,221,000
8. Nigeria 149,229,090 154,729,000
9. Russia 140,041,247 141,927,297
10. Japan 127,078,679 127,380,000
Saturday, 15 December 2012
Organic chemol: Organic chemol: general Question answers Of last p...
15. Who invented the calendar?
a. Luwen Hock
b. Robert Hook
c. Fleming
d. Pope Gregory XIII
16. Who was the first woman chief minister in India?
a. Sarojini Naidu
b. Sucheta Krupalani
c. Sonia Gandhi
d. Sushma Swaraj
17. Which is the largest flower in the world?
a. Lavender
b. Rafflesia
c. Quinine
d. Nightqueen
18. Who was the Hostage taker of the hostage crisis in the Philippines last August 23, 2010 that killed 8 Hong-Kong Chinese nationals?
a. Senior Inspector Rolando Mendoza
b. Gregorio Mendoza
c. Joy Janiiola
d. Denmark Baliling
19. Who is present chief election commissioner of India?
a. Y.S. Sampath
b. S.Y. Qurashi
c. H.S. Brahma
d. Naveen Chawla
20. Who was the first lady chief minister in Rajasthan?
a. Indira Gandhi
b. Prathibha Patil
c. Vasundhara Raje
d. Sonia Gandhi
21. Name the coin of Uruguay?
a. Dollar
b. Latin
c. Biso
d. Riyal
22. Who is the present governor of RBI?
a. Y.V. Reddy
b. R.Ranganijan
c. Bimal Jalan
d. Jagdish Bhagwati
23. Which is the largest planet?
a. Saturn
b. Jupiter
c. Uranus
d. Neptune
Answers:16. Sucheta krupalani was the first woman chief minister of India.
17. Rafflesia is the largest flower in the world.
18. Senior inspector Rolando Mendoza was the Hostage taker of the hostage crisis in the Philippines last August 23, 2010 that killed 8 Hong Kong Chinese nationals.
19. S. Y. Quraishi is present chief election commissioner of India.
20. Vasundhara Raje was the first lady chief minister in Rajasthan.
21. Biso is the coin of Uruguay.
22. R.Ranganijan is the present governor of RBI.
a. Luwen Hock
b. Robert Hook
c. Fleming
d. Pope Gregory XIII
16. Who was the first woman chief minister in India?
a. Sarojini Naidu
b. Sucheta Krupalani
c. Sonia Gandhi
d. Sushma Swaraj
17. Which is the largest flower in the world?
a. Lavender
b. Rafflesia
c. Quinine
d. Nightqueen
18. Who was the Hostage taker of the hostage crisis in the Philippines last August 23, 2010 that killed 8 Hong-Kong Chinese nationals?
a. Senior Inspector Rolando Mendoza
b. Gregorio Mendoza
c. Joy Janiiola
d. Denmark Baliling
19. Who is present chief election commissioner of India?
a. Y.S. Sampath
b. S.Y. Qurashi
c. H.S. Brahma
d. Naveen Chawla
20. Who was the first lady chief minister in Rajasthan?
a. Indira Gandhi
b. Prathibha Patil
c. Vasundhara Raje
d. Sonia Gandhi
21. Name the coin of Uruguay?
a. Dollar
b. Latin
c. Biso
d. Riyal
22. Who is the present governor of RBI?
a. Y.V. Reddy
b. R.Ranganijan
c. Bimal Jalan
d. Jagdish Bhagwati
23. Which is the largest planet?
a. Saturn
b. Jupiter
c. Uranus
d. Neptune
Answers:16. Sucheta krupalani was the first woman chief minister of India.
17. Rafflesia is the largest flower in the world.
18. Senior inspector Rolando Mendoza was the Hostage taker of the hostage crisis in the Philippines last August 23, 2010 that killed 8 Hong Kong Chinese nationals.
19. S. Y. Quraishi is present chief election commissioner of India.
20. Vasundhara Raje was the first lady chief minister in Rajasthan.
21. Biso is the coin of Uruguay.
22. R.Ranganijan is the present governor of RBI.
Organic chemol: Organic chemol: general Question answers Of last p...
15. Who invented the calendar?
a. Luwen Hock
b. Robert Hook
c. Fleming
d. Pope Gregory XIII
16. Who was the first woman chief minister in India?
a. Sarojini Naidu
b. Sucheta Krupalani
c. Sonia Gandhi
d. Sushma Swaraj
17. Which is the largest flower in the world?
a. Lavender
b. Rafflesia
c. Quinine
d. Nightqueen
18. Who was the Hostage taker of the hostage crisis in the Philippines last August 23, 2010 that killed 8 Hong-Kong Chinese nationals?
a. Senior Inspector Rolando Mendoza
b. Gregorio Mendoza
c. Joy Janiiola
d. Denmark Baliling
19. Who is present chief election commissioner of India?
a. Y.S. Sampath
b. S.Y. Qurashi
c. H.S. Brahma
d. Naveen Chawla
20. Who was the first lady chief minister in Rajasthan?
a. Indira Gandhi
b. Prathibha Patil
c. Vasundhara Raje
d. Sonia Gandhi
21. Name the coin of Uruguay?
a. Dollar
b. Latin
c. Biso
d. Riyal
22. Who is the present governor of RBI?
a. Y.V. Reddy
b. R.Ranganijan
c. Bimal Jalan
d. Jagdish Bhagwati
23. Which is the largest planet?
a. Saturn
b. Jupiter
c. Uranus
d. Neptune
Answers:16. Sucheta krupalani was the first woman chief minister of India.
17. Rafflesia is the largest flower in the world.
18. Senior inspector Rolando Mendoza was the Hostage taker of the hostage crisis in the Philippines last August 23, 2010 that killed 8 Hong Kong Chinese nationals.
19. S. Y. Quraishi is present chief election commissioner of India.
20. Vasundhara Raje was the first lady chief minister in Rajasthan.
21. Biso is the coin of Uruguay.
22. R.Ranganijan is the present governor of RBI.
a. Luwen Hock
b. Robert Hook
c. Fleming
d. Pope Gregory XIII
16. Who was the first woman chief minister in India?
a. Sarojini Naidu
b. Sucheta Krupalani
c. Sonia Gandhi
d. Sushma Swaraj
17. Which is the largest flower in the world?
a. Lavender
b. Rafflesia
c. Quinine
d. Nightqueen
18. Who was the Hostage taker of the hostage crisis in the Philippines last August 23, 2010 that killed 8 Hong-Kong Chinese nationals?
a. Senior Inspector Rolando Mendoza
b. Gregorio Mendoza
c. Joy Janiiola
d. Denmark Baliling
19. Who is present chief election commissioner of India?
a. Y.S. Sampath
b. S.Y. Qurashi
c. H.S. Brahma
d. Naveen Chawla
20. Who was the first lady chief minister in Rajasthan?
a. Indira Gandhi
b. Prathibha Patil
c. Vasundhara Raje
d. Sonia Gandhi
21. Name the coin of Uruguay?
a. Dollar
b. Latin
c. Biso
d. Riyal
22. Who is the present governor of RBI?
a. Y.V. Reddy
b. R.Ranganijan
c. Bimal Jalan
d. Jagdish Bhagwati
23. Which is the largest planet?
a. Saturn
b. Jupiter
c. Uranus
d. Neptune
Answers:16. Sucheta krupalani was the first woman chief minister of India.
17. Rafflesia is the largest flower in the world.
18. Senior inspector Rolando Mendoza was the Hostage taker of the hostage crisis in the Philippines last August 23, 2010 that killed 8 Hong Kong Chinese nationals.
19. S. Y. Quraishi is present chief election commissioner of India.
20. Vasundhara Raje was the first lady chief minister in Rajasthan.
21. Biso is the coin of Uruguay.
22. R.Ranganijan is the present governor of RBI.
Organic chemol: general Question answers Of last posts
Answers to General Knowledge Questions for Kids
The answers of general knowledge questions that are asked above are mentioned below.
1. Laika. In 1957, Laika became the first animal launched into orbit, paving the way for human spaceflight.
2. Sirimavo Bandaranaike, three times Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, was the first woman in the world to hold the office of prime minister.
3. Professor Joseph Godard was the first to invent a rocket capable of entering Space. Prior to Godard's work, Wernher von Braun invented the first rocket capable of delivering awar head. Braun's rocket did not reach above the earth's outer atmosphere and therefore cannot be considered a true "space rocket".
4. Mejibur Rehman was the first prime minister of Bangladesh.
5. Tim Berners-Lee is a British engineer and computer scientist and MIT professor credited with inventing the World Wide Web, making the first proposal for it in March 1989. On 25 December 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau and a young student at CERN, he implemented the first successful communication between anHTTP client and server via the Internet.
6. Dr. A.P.J. Adbul Kalam originally is an Aeronautical Engineer.
7. India is 7 th largest country.
8. None of These
9. Richard Smalley conceptualized the carbon nano tube.
10. Jackie Selebi was the president of Interpol in year 2006.
11. Dharam Singh is the new chief minister of Karnataka.
12. India's first breeder neutron reactor was Kamini.
13. Rhino's horn is made of hair.
14. South Korea is the only country thatgot independence in 15 th august as India.
15. Pope Gregory XIII invented the calendar. Gregory XIII is best known for his reformation of the calendar, producing the Gregorian calendar with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius.
The answers of general knowledge questions that are asked above are mentioned below.
1. Laika. In 1957, Laika became the first animal launched into orbit, paving the way for human spaceflight.
2. Sirimavo Bandaranaike, three times Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, was the first woman in the world to hold the office of prime minister.
3. Professor Joseph Godard was the first to invent a rocket capable of entering Space. Prior to Godard's work, Wernher von Braun invented the first rocket capable of delivering awar head. Braun's rocket did not reach above the earth's outer atmosphere and therefore cannot be considered a true "space rocket".
4. Mejibur Rehman was the first prime minister of Bangladesh.
5. Tim Berners-Lee is a British engineer and computer scientist and MIT professor credited with inventing the World Wide Web, making the first proposal for it in March 1989. On 25 December 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau and a young student at CERN, he implemented the first successful communication between anHTTP client and server via the Internet.
6. Dr. A.P.J. Adbul Kalam originally is an Aeronautical Engineer.
7. India is 7 th largest country.
8. None of These
9. Richard Smalley conceptualized the carbon nano tube.
10. Jackie Selebi was the president of Interpol in year 2006.
11. Dharam Singh is the new chief minister of Karnataka.
12. India's first breeder neutron reactor was Kamini.
13. Rhino's horn is made of hair.
14. South Korea is the only country thatgot independence in 15 th august as India.
15. Pope Gregory XIII invented the calendar. Gregory XIII is best known for his reformation of the calendar, producing the Gregorian calendar with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius.
general Question answers
1. What is the name of dog that went into space first?
a. Rossi
b. Laika
c. Tommi
d. Pinky
2. Who was the first lady prime minister in the world?
a. Sirimavo Bandaranaike
b. D.S.Senanayeke
c. Mahinda Rajapakse
d. Chandrika Kumarathunge
3. Who invented the first space rocket?
a. James Watt
b. Joseph Godard
c. Masco
d. Samy
4. Who was the first prime minister of Bangladesh?
a. Abdul Kalam
b. Raju menjar
c. Kahram Rehkam
d. Mejibur Rehman
5. Who invented The Internet?
a. Tim Berners-Lee
b. Bill Gates
c. Charles Babbage
d. Hewlett Packard
6. Dr. A.P.J.Adbul Kalam originally is a
a. Doctor
b. Lawyer
c. Aeronautical Engineer
d. Scientist
7. India is ___ largest country?
a. 8 th
b. 7 th
c. 6 th
d. 5 th
8. How much percentage of water has covered the land
a. 89%
b. 23%
c. 94%
d. None of These
9. Who conceptualized the carbon nanotube?
a. Sumio Tijima
b. Dr. Abbas Ali
c. Richard Smalley
d. Isac Newton
10. Who was the president of Interpol in year 2006?
a. Sam Menakshew
b. Barack Obama
c. Jackie Selebi
d. Donald Breadman
11. Who is the new chief minister of Karnataka?
a. Dharam Singh
b. Jennifer Hawkins
c. Chris Carins
12. India's first breeder neutron reactorwas
a. Apasara
b. Dharuv
c. Tridev
d. Kamini
13. What is the rhino's horn made of?
a. Iron
b. Skin
c. Gold
d. Hair
14. Which is the only country that got independence in 15 th August as India?
a. South America
b. South Africa
c. South Korea
d. North America
15. Who invented the calendar?
a. Luwen Hock
b. Robert Hook
c. Fleming
d. Pope Gregory XIII
a. Rossi
b. Laika
c. Tommi
d. Pinky
2. Who was the first lady prime minister in the world?
a. Sirimavo Bandaranaike
b. D.S.Senanayeke
c. Mahinda Rajapakse
d. Chandrika Kumarathunge
3. Who invented the first space rocket?
a. James Watt
b. Joseph Godard
c. Masco
d. Samy
4. Who was the first prime minister of Bangladesh?
a. Abdul Kalam
b. Raju menjar
c. Kahram Rehkam
d. Mejibur Rehman
5. Who invented The Internet?
a. Tim Berners-Lee
b. Bill Gates
c. Charles Babbage
d. Hewlett Packard
6. Dr. A.P.J.Adbul Kalam originally is a
a. Doctor
b. Lawyer
c. Aeronautical Engineer
d. Scientist
7. India is ___ largest country?
a. 8 th
b. 7 th
c. 6 th
d. 5 th
8. How much percentage of water has covered the land
a. 89%
b. 23%
c. 94%
d. None of These
9. Who conceptualized the carbon nanotube?
a. Sumio Tijima
b. Dr. Abbas Ali
c. Richard Smalley
d. Isac Newton
10. Who was the president of Interpol in year 2006?
a. Sam Menakshew
b. Barack Obama
c. Jackie Selebi
d. Donald Breadman
11. Who is the new chief minister of Karnataka?
a. Dharam Singh
b. Jennifer Hawkins
c. Chris Carins
12. India's first breeder neutron reactorwas
a. Apasara
b. Dharuv
c. Tridev
d. Kamini
13. What is the rhino's horn made of?
a. Iron
b. Skin
c. Gold
d. Hair
14. Which is the only country that got independence in 15 th August as India?
a. South America
b. South Africa
c. South Korea
d. North America
15. Who invented the calendar?
a. Luwen Hock
b. Robert Hook
c. Fleming
d. Pope Gregory XIII
Method OF prevention of corrosion
PREVENTION OF CORROSION
There are several methods for protecting metals from corrosion(iron from rusting ).Some of these methods are discussed below :
1. Barrier Protection
In this method, a barrier film is introduced between iron and atmospheric oxygen and moisture. Barrier protection can be achieved by any of the following methods.
Painting the surface.
By coating the surface with a thin film of oil or grease.
By electroplating iron by some non-corrosive metal such as nickel, chromium, copper etc.
In this type of protection, if scratches or cracks appear in the protective layer,then the surface of iron may get exposed. In this region, moisture and oxygen may come in contact with iron and rusting starts. This rusting extends beneath the protective layer and eventually peels off the protective layer.
2. Sacrificial Protection
Sacrificial protection means covering of the surface of iron with a layer of metalwhich is more active than iron and thus prevents the loss of electrons from iron. The active metal loses electrons in preference of iron and goes into the ionic state. With the passage oftime, the covering metal gets consumed. But as long as it is present on the surface of iron, it will protect theiron from rusting and does not allow even nearly exposed surface of iron to corrode. Zinc is commonly used to coat iron surfaces. The process of coating a thin film of zinc on iron is known as galvanisation .
There are several methods for protecting metals from corrosion(iron from rusting ).Some of these methods are discussed below :
1. Barrier Protection
In this method, a barrier film is introduced between iron and atmospheric oxygen and moisture. Barrier protection can be achieved by any of the following methods.
Painting the surface.
By coating the surface with a thin film of oil or grease.
By electroplating iron by some non-corrosive metal such as nickel, chromium, copper etc.
In this type of protection, if scratches or cracks appear in the protective layer,then the surface of iron may get exposed. In this region, moisture and oxygen may come in contact with iron and rusting starts. This rusting extends beneath the protective layer and eventually peels off the protective layer.
2. Sacrificial Protection
Sacrificial protection means covering of the surface of iron with a layer of metalwhich is more active than iron and thus prevents the loss of electrons from iron. The active metal loses electrons in preference of iron and goes into the ionic state. With the passage oftime, the covering metal gets consumed. But as long as it is present on the surface of iron, it will protect theiron from rusting and does not allow even nearly exposed surface of iron to corrode. Zinc is commonly used to coat iron surfaces. The process of coating a thin film of zinc on iron is known as galvanisation .
ELECTROCHEMICAL THEORY OF RUSTING
ELECTROCHEMICAL THEORY OF RUSTING
According to this theory, the impure surface behaves like a small electrochemical cell in presence of water containing dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide. Moisture having dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide in it constitutes electrolytic solution.
At anode , oxidation of Fe atoms takes place. Thus, Fe atoms pass into solutions as Fe 2+ ions leaving behind electrons in the metal which are pushedinto the cathode area.
Fe → Fe 2+ + 2 e − : E Θ OX = + 0.44 V
At cathode the electrons are picked up by H + ions which are produced either from H 2 O or from H 2 CO 3 ( formed bydissolution of CO 2 in moisture).
CO 2 + H 2 O → H + + HCO 3 −
2 H + (aq) + 2 e − → 2 H
The H atoms, thus formed reduce the dissolved oxygen as :
2 H + ½ O 2 → H 2 O
The net reduction process at the cathodic area is :
2 H + + ½ O 2 + 2 e − → H 2 O : E Θ red = 1.23 V
The net reaction of of corrosion cell can be put as :
Fe + 2 H + + ½ O 2 → Fe 2+ + H 2 O : E Θ cell =1.67 V
The ferrous ions so formed move through water and come at the surface of iron object where these are further oxidised to ferric state by atmospheric oxygen and constitute rust which is hydrated iron(III) oxide.
2 Fe 2+ + ½ O 2 + 2 H 2 O → Fe 2 O 3 + 4 H +
Fe 2 O 3 + x H 2 O → Fe 2 O 3 . x H 2 O
( rust )
2 Fe 2+ + ½ O 2 + (2 + x ) H 2 O → Fe 2 O 3 . x H 2 O + 4 H +
According to this theory, the impure surface behaves like a small electrochemical cell in presence of water containing dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide. Moisture having dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide in it constitutes electrolytic solution.
At anode , oxidation of Fe atoms takes place. Thus, Fe atoms pass into solutions as Fe 2+ ions leaving behind electrons in the metal which are pushedinto the cathode area.
Fe → Fe 2+ + 2 e − : E Θ OX = + 0.44 V
At cathode the electrons are picked up by H + ions which are produced either from H 2 O or from H 2 CO 3 ( formed bydissolution of CO 2 in moisture).
CO 2 + H 2 O → H + + HCO 3 −
2 H + (aq) + 2 e − → 2 H
The H atoms, thus formed reduce the dissolved oxygen as :
2 H + ½ O 2 → H 2 O
The net reduction process at the cathodic area is :
2 H + + ½ O 2 + 2 e − → H 2 O : E Θ red = 1.23 V
The net reaction of of corrosion cell can be put as :
Fe + 2 H + + ½ O 2 → Fe 2+ + H 2 O : E Θ cell =1.67 V
The ferrous ions so formed move through water and come at the surface of iron object where these are further oxidised to ferric state by atmospheric oxygen and constitute rust which is hydrated iron(III) oxide.
2 Fe 2+ + ½ O 2 + 2 H 2 O → Fe 2 O 3 + 4 H +
Fe 2 O 3 + x H 2 O → Fe 2 O 3 . x H 2 O
( rust )
2 Fe 2+ + ½ O 2 + (2 + x ) H 2 O → Fe 2 O 3 . x H 2 O + 4 H +
CORROSION
CORROSION
It is a common observation that certainmetals(except those which are least reactive like Au, Pt, Pd etc ) are slowly eaten up on long exposure to atmosphere. For example, silver gets tarnished, copper develops green coating on its surface, iron rusts and lead looses its lustre. In fact, such metals react with gases or moisture present in the environment to form undesirable compounds. This process in general is referred to as corrosion . Corrosion may, thus be defined as the process of slow conversion of metals into their undesirable compounds(usually oxides) by reaction with moisture and other gases present in the atmosphere.
FACTORS WHICH AFFECT CORROSION
The factors which affect corrosion are :
Reactivity of the metal : The more active metals are prone to corrosion .
Presence of impurities : Presence of impurities helps in setting up a corrosion cell and makes the corrosion to occur rapidly. For example, pure iron does not rust.
Air and moisture : Air and moisture are quite helpful in corrosion. The presence of gases like CO 2 and SO 2 in air makesit still rapid. For example no rusting is caused if iron is kept under vaccum.
Strains in metal also help in corrosion : For example, in iron articles, rusting is more pronounced on the areas having bends, scratches, nicks and cuts.
Presence of electrolytes : The presence of electrolytes also make the corrosion process faster. For example, iron rusts more rapidly in saline water in comparison to pure water.
Let us study the mechanism of corrosion by studying the familiar example of rusting of iron. Chemically, rust is hydrated iron (III) oxide,
Fe 2 O 3 .x H 2 O . It is generally causedby moisture, CO 2 and O 2 of air. Rust isnon-sticking brown coloured material which can be easily removed by scratching. There are a number of theories about the mechanism of rusting. The most widely accepted theory is electrochemical theory.
It is a common observation that certainmetals(except those which are least reactive like Au, Pt, Pd etc ) are slowly eaten up on long exposure to atmosphere. For example, silver gets tarnished, copper develops green coating on its surface, iron rusts and lead looses its lustre. In fact, such metals react with gases or moisture present in the environment to form undesirable compounds. This process in general is referred to as corrosion . Corrosion may, thus be defined as the process of slow conversion of metals into their undesirable compounds(usually oxides) by reaction with moisture and other gases present in the atmosphere.
FACTORS WHICH AFFECT CORROSION
The factors which affect corrosion are :
Reactivity of the metal : The more active metals are prone to corrosion .
Presence of impurities : Presence of impurities helps in setting up a corrosion cell and makes the corrosion to occur rapidly. For example, pure iron does not rust.
Air and moisture : Air and moisture are quite helpful in corrosion. The presence of gases like CO 2 and SO 2 in air makesit still rapid. For example no rusting is caused if iron is kept under vaccum.
Strains in metal also help in corrosion : For example, in iron articles, rusting is more pronounced on the areas having bends, scratches, nicks and cuts.
Presence of electrolytes : The presence of electrolytes also make the corrosion process faster. For example, iron rusts more rapidly in saline water in comparison to pure water.
Let us study the mechanism of corrosion by studying the familiar example of rusting of iron. Chemically, rust is hydrated iron (III) oxide,
Fe 2 O 3 .x H 2 O . It is generally causedby moisture, CO 2 and O 2 of air. Rust isnon-sticking brown coloured material which can be easily removed by scratching. There are a number of theories about the mechanism of rusting. The most widely accepted theory is electrochemical theory.
Organic chemol: IQ Test
1. Some months have 30 days, some months have 31 days. How many months have 28 days?
2. If a doctor gives you 3 pills and tells you to take one pill every half hour, how long would it be before all the pills had been taken?
3. I went to bed at eight 8 'clock in the evening and wound up my clock and set the alarm to sound at nine 9 'clock in the morning. How many hours sleep would I get before being awoken by the alarm?
4. Divide 30 by half and add ten. What do you get?
5. A farmer had 17 sheep. All but 9 died. How many live sheep were left?
6. If you had only one match and entered a COLD and DARK room, where there was an oil heater, an oil lamp and a candle, which would you light first?
7. A man builds a house with four sides of rectangular construction, each sidehaving a southern exposure. A big bear comes along. What color is the bear?
8. Take 2 apples from 3 apples. What do you have?
9. How many animals of each species did Moses take with him in the Ark?
10. If you drove a bus with 43 people on board from Chicago and stopped at Pittsburgh to pick up 7 more people and drop off 5 passengers and at Cleveland to drop off 8 passengers and pick up 4 more and eventually arrive at Philadelphia 20 hours later, What's the name of the driver?
IQ Test Answers
1. All of them. Every month has at least28 days.
2. 1 hour. If you take a pill at 1 o'clock, then another at 1.30 and the last at 2'clock, they will be taken in 1 hour.
3. 1 hour. It is a wind up alarm clock which cannot discriminate between a.m. and p.m.
4. 70. Dividing by half is the same as multiplying by 2.
5. 9 live sheep.
6. The match.
7. White.
8. 2 apples.
9. None. It was Noah, not Moses.
10. You are the driver.
2. If a doctor gives you 3 pills and tells you to take one pill every half hour, how long would it be before all the pills had been taken?
3. I went to bed at eight 8 'clock in the evening and wound up my clock and set the alarm to sound at nine 9 'clock in the morning. How many hours sleep would I get before being awoken by the alarm?
4. Divide 30 by half and add ten. What do you get?
5. A farmer had 17 sheep. All but 9 died. How many live sheep were left?
6. If you had only one match and entered a COLD and DARK room, where there was an oil heater, an oil lamp and a candle, which would you light first?
7. A man builds a house with four sides of rectangular construction, each sidehaving a southern exposure. A big bear comes along. What color is the bear?
8. Take 2 apples from 3 apples. What do you have?
9. How many animals of each species did Moses take with him in the Ark?
10. If you drove a bus with 43 people on board from Chicago and stopped at Pittsburgh to pick up 7 more people and drop off 5 passengers and at Cleveland to drop off 8 passengers and pick up 4 more and eventually arrive at Philadelphia 20 hours later, What's the name of the driver?
IQ Test Answers
1. All of them. Every month has at least28 days.
2. 1 hour. If you take a pill at 1 o'clock, then another at 1.30 and the last at 2'clock, they will be taken in 1 hour.
3. 1 hour. It is a wind up alarm clock which cannot discriminate between a.m. and p.m.
4. 70. Dividing by half is the same as multiplying by 2.
5. 9 live sheep.
6. The match.
7. White.
8. 2 apples.
9. None. It was Noah, not Moses.
10. You are the driver.
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